APPS-S: A Tool for Measuring the Attitudes Toward Prostitution and Women in Prostitution in the Spanish Population.

This study was designed with the purpose of testing the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Attitudes toward Prostitution and Prostitutes Scale through three studies with different samples. The first one explores the test's dimensional structure or constructs validity through confirmatory factor analysis, as well as internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The second one focuses on discriminant and criteria validity. Finally, the third one examines the scale's convergent validity and its sensitivity to detecting changes. The results support two subscales with an optimal index of internal consistency, structural stability over time, and discriminative power between groups of participants. It is, therefore, an adequate tool for adults as well as young people and teenagers, and for detecting changes in the context of intervention or awareness workshops.

Lesiones tumorales cutáneas sobre linfedema crónico / Skin Tumors Arising on Chronic Lymphedema

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Epidemiological profile of smoking and nicotine addiction among asthmatic adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: Despite the harmful effects of cigarette smoking, this habit in asthmatic adolescents continues to be a health problem worldwide. Our objectives were to determine the epidemiological profile of smoking and the degree of nicotine dependence among asthmatic adolescents. STUDY DESIGN: Through a cross-sectional investigation, 3383 adolescents (13-19 years of age) were studied. METHODS: Information was collected using a previously validated questionnaire. Two study groups of adolescent smokers were formed: one composed of asthmatic adolescents and the other of healthy youths. RESULTS: Asthmatic adolescents were found to be more likely to smoke (21.6% vs 11.8%) and to have some degree of nicotine dependence compared with healthy adolescents (51.6% vs 48.8%). The most important characteristic of smoking in asthmatic adolescents was found to be an onset before 11 years of age due to curiosity about cigarettes. Asthmatic youths continue smoking because this habit decreases their anxiety and stress. Adolescents know that smoking is addictive and often smoke on waking up in the morning or when they are sick. Yet, these adolescents do not consider smoking to be a problem. CONCLUSION: In this study, curiosity about cigarettes was the primary reason why asthmatic adolescents smoked for the first time and developed a greater dependence to nicotine compared with healthy adolescents. Moreover, the findings show that many of the factors that favour the development of smoking are preventable, given that they are present in the family and social environment.

Resultados de la nucleotomía percutánea en el manejo de la hernia discal lumbar / Results of percutaneous discectomy in the management of lumbar disc herniation

Resumen: Introducción: La nucleotomía percutánea es una técnica de descompresión discal aprobada por la FDA que ha mostrado ser útil para mejorar el dolor causado por hernia discal. No obstante, su práctica se encuentra en discusión debido a que los beneficios de la técnica son controversiales. Objetivos: Describir los resultados de la evolución clínica de los pacientes con hernia discal lumbar baja (L4-L5, L5-S1) tratada mediante cirugía percutánea a un año de operados y mostrar que es una opción quirúrgica útil para el alivio de la sintomatología causada por esta entidad patológica. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohorte; presentamos la evolución clínica de 21 individuos con hernia discal lumbar tratados con nucleotomía percutánea manual durante Marzo 2011-Noviembre 2013. La evaluación fue hecha antes de la cirugía y a los cuatro, 30, 180 y 365 días después de operados mediante la escala numérica del dolor (END), índice de discapacidad funcional de Oswestry (IDO) y criterios de MacNab. Utilizamos estadística inferencial no paramétrica (Wilcoxon) para diferencias. Resultados: n = 21: seis (28.57%) hombres, 15 (71.42%) mujeres; edad promedio: 37.95 años (14-56), ± 10.60; el nivel vertebral más afectado: L4-L5, en 12 (57.14%) sujetos. La END preoperatoria promedio: 7.75 (5-9) ± 1.12; a los 365 días: promedio 2.14 (0-7) ± 2.37. El IDO preoperatorio promedio: 37% (28-40%) ± 3.06 y a los 365 días: 9.52% (0-40%) ± 13.92. El pronóstico (IDO) en el prequirúrgico fue bueno en cero (0%) personas y en 15 (71.42%) a los 365 días, regular en cinco (23.80%) y malo en una (4.78%) (p = 0.000 IC 95% 0.00-0.13, Wilcoxon); de acuerdo con los criterios de MacNab, en 15 (71.42%) casos fueron excelentes y buenos, pobres en cuatro (19.04%) y malos en dos (9.52%) (p = 0.00). Conclusiones: La nucleotomía percutánea ofrece buenos resultados para el tratamiento de las hernias discales lumbares (L4-L5, L5-S1) a los 365 días de operados los pacientes.

Abstract: Introduction: Percutaneous discectomy is a disc decompression technique approved by the FDA that is useful to improve pain caused by a herniated disc. However, its practice is under discussion because the benefits of the technique are controversial. Objectives: To describe the clinical course of patients with low lumbar disc herniation (L4-L5, L5-S1) treated by percutaneous surgery within one year of surgery and prove that it is a useful surgical option for the relief of symptoms caused by this pathological entity. Material and methods: Cohort study; the clinical course of 21 patients with lumbar disc herniation treated with percutaneous discectomy manually during March 2011-November 2013, is presented. The evaluation was made before surgery and at four, 30, 180 and 365 days after surgery by numerical pain scale (NPS), Oswestry (IDO) and MacNab criteria. We used nonparametric inferential statistics (Wilcoxon) for differences in proportions. Results: n = 21, six (28.57%) men, 15 (71.42%) women; average age: 37.95, (14-56) ± 10.60 years; the most affected vertebral level was L4-L5 in 57.14% of the patients; the NPS preoperative average was 7.75 (5-9) ± 1.12; at 365 days: average 2.14 (0-7) ± 2.37. The IDO preoperative average was 37% (28-40%) ± 3.06, and at 365 days: 9.52% (0-40%) ± 13.92. The prognosis (IDO) in the presurgical was good to zero (0%) patients and in 15 (71.42%) at 365 days, regular in five (23.80%) and poor in one (4.78%) (p = 0.00, CI 95% 0.00 to 0.13, Wilcoxon); according to MacNab criteria, in 15 (71.42%) patients were excellent and good, poor in four (19.04%) and bad in two (9.52%) (p = 0.00). Conclusions: Percutaneous discectomy provides good results for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (L4-L5, L5-S1) at 365 days after surgery.

[Results of percutaneous discectomy in the management of lumbar disc herniation]. / Resultados de la nucleotomía percutánea en el manejo de la hernia discal lumbar.

INTRODUCTION: Percutaneous discectomy is a disc decompression technique approved by the FDA that is useful to improve pain caused by a herniated disc. However, its practice is under discussion because the benefits of the technique are controversial. OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical course of patients with low lumbar disc herniation (L4-L5, L5-S1) treated by percutaneous surgery within one year of surgery and prove that it is a useful surgical option for the relief of symptoms caused by this pathological entity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cohort study; the clinical course of 21 patients with lumbar disc herniation treated with percutaneous discectomy manually during March 2011-November 2013, is presented. The evaluation was made before surgery and at four, 30, 180 and 365 days after surgery by numerical pain scale (NPS), Oswestry (IDO) and MacNab criteria. We used nonparametric inferential statistics (Wilcoxon) for differences in proportions. RESULTS: n = 21, six (28.57%) men, 15 (71.42%) women; average age: 37.95, (14-56) ± 10.60 years; the most affected vertebral level was L4-L5 in 57.14% of the patients; the NPS preoperative average was 7.75 (5-9) ± 1.12; at 365 days: average 2.14 (0-7) ± 2.37. The IDO preoperative average was 37% (28-40%) ± 3.06, and at 365 days: 9.52% (0-40%) ± 13.92. The prognosis (IDO) in the presurgical was good to zero (0%) patients and in 15 (71.42%) at 365 days, regular in five (23.80%) and poor in one (4.78%) (p = 0.00, CI 95% 0.00 to 0.13, Wilcoxon); according to MacNab criteria, in 15 (71.42%) patients were excellent and good, poor in four (19.04%) and bad in two (9.52%) (p = 0.00). CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous discectomy provides good results for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (L4-L5, L5-S1) at 365 days after surgery.

La nucleotomía percutánea es una técnica de descompresión discal aprobada por la FDA que ha mostrado ser útil para mejorar el dolor causado por hernia discal. No obstante, su práctica se encuentra en discusión debido a que los beneficios de la técnica son controversiales.

Adelantamiento rotuliano tipo Bandi versus limpieza articular artroscópica para el manejo de la artrosis patelofemoral: Seguimiento a un año / Bandi tibial tubercule osteotomy vs artrhroscopy lavage in patelo femoral arthritis: 1 year follow-up

Introducción: La osteoartritis (OA) es una artropatía degenerativa que modifica las propiedades mecánicas y biológicas, del cartílago articular y del hueso subcondral, su tratamiento va encaminado hacia el alivio del dolor, mantener la función articular y reducir la progresión de la enfermedad. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar los resultados quirúrgicos de la limpieza articular artroscópica y adelantamiento rotuliano utilizando la escala WOMAC. Metodología: Estudio transversal en el que se compara el resultado funcional del tratamiento de la OA patelofemoral en pacientes operados por limpieza articular artroscópica y pacientes operados por adelantamiento rotuliano con técnica de Bandi. Las variables fueron, género, edad, lado afectado, técnica quirúrgica e índice de WOMAC prequirúrgico y a los 12 meses de seguimiento. Utilizamos estadística descriptiva así como t de Student para la diferencia de promedios de WOMAC entre ambos grupos de pacientes. Resultados: n = 37 pacientes, la edad promedio fue 53.48 años (28-82), ± 12.55, el género 11 (29.7%) hombres y 26 (70.3%) mujeres, el lado afectado: 19 (51.35%) derecho y 18 (48.65%) izquierdo. Técnica quirúrgica: 45.9% artroscópico y 54.1% con técnica de Bandi. Los pacientes operados mediante Bandi y adelantamiento rotuliano tuvieron mejoría del dolor, rigidez articular y de la función física (p = 0.00); la comparación del puntaje global de WOMAC para ambas técnicas al año no mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p = 0.78). Conclusión: Ambas técnicas (Bandi y limpieza artroscópica) ofrecen buenos resultados a los 365 días de operados, sin embargo, los pacientes manejados por limpieza artroscópica presentan menor dolor comparados con los de adelantamiento rotuliano tipo Bandi.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that modifies the mechanical and biological properties of articular cartilage and subchondral bone, treatment is aimed at relieving pain, maintain joint and reduce disease progression function. The aim of this paper is to compare the surgical outcomes of the arthroscopic articular cleaning and Bandi procedure by using the WOMAC scale. Methods: Cross-sectional study, functional outcome of treatment of patellofemoral ostheoarthritis by arthroscopic articular cleaning and Bandi procedure are compared. Variables were gender, age, affected side, surgical technique and preoperative and 12 months follow up WOMAC evaluation. We used descriptive statistics and t-test for mean difference in WOMAC between both groups of patients. Results: n = 37 patients, the mean age was 53.48 (28-82), ± 12.55 years; 11 (29.7%) males and 26 (70.3%) women, the affected side: 19 (51.35%) right and 18 (48.65%) left. Surgical technique: 45.9% arthroscopic articular cleaning and 54.1% Bandi procedure. Patients operated by both technics: Bandi and arthroscopic articular cleaning had improvement in pain, stiffness and physical function (p = 0.00); comparison of global WOMAC score for both techniques a year after showed no statistically significant differences (p = 0.78). Conclusion: Both techniques (Bandi and arthroscopic articular cleaning) offer good results at 365 days of surgery, however patients managed by arthroscopic articular cleaning have less pain compared with Bandi procedure.

[Bandi tibial tubercule osteotomy vs. artrhroscopy lavage in patelo femoral arthritis. 1 year follow-up]. / Adelantamiento rotuliano tipo Bandi versus limpieza articular artroscópica para el manejo de la artrosis patelofemoral. Seguimiento a un año.

INTRODUCTION: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that modifies the mechanical and biological properties of articular cartilage and subchondral bone, treatment is aimed at relieving pain, maintain joint and reduce disease progression function. The aim of this paper is to compare the surgical outcomes of the arthroscopic articular cleaning and Bandi procedure by using the WOMAC scale. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, functional outcome of treatment of patellofemoral ostheoarthritis by arthroscopic articular cleaning and Bandi procedure are compared. Variables were gender, age, affected side, surgical technique and preoperative and 12 months follow up WOMAC evaluation. We used descriptive statistics and t-test for mean difference in WOMAC between both groups of patients. RESULTS: n = 37 patients, the mean age was 53.48 (28-82), ± 12.55 years; 11 (29.7%) males and 26 (70.3%) women, the affected side: 19 (51.35%) right and 18 (48.65%) left. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: 45.9% arthroscopic articular cleaning and 54.1% Bandi procedure. Patients operated by both technics: Bandi and arthroscopic articular cleaning had improvement in pain, stiffness and physical function (p = 0.00); comparison of global WOMAC score for both techniques a year after showed no statistically significant differences (p = 0.78). CONCLUSION: Both techniques (Bandi and arthroscopic articular cleaning) offer good results at 365 days of surgery, however patients managed by arthroscopic articular cleaning have less pain compared with Bandi procedure.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La osteoartritis (OA) es una artropatía degenerativa que modifica las propiedades mecánicas y biológicas, del cartílago articular y del hueso subcondral, su tratamiento va encaminado hacia el alivio del dolor, mantener la función articular y reducir la progresión de la enfermedad. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar los resultados quirúrgicos de la limpieza articular artroscópica y adelantamiento rotuliano utilizando la escala WOMAC. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio transversal en el que se compara el resultado funcional del tratamiento de la OA patelofemoral en pacientes operados por limpieza articular artroscópica y pacientes operados por adelantamiento rotuliano con técnica de Bandi. Las variables fueron, género, edad, lado afectado, técnica quirúrgica e índice de WOMAC prequirúrgico y a los 12 meses de seguimiento. Utilizamos estadística descriptiva así como t de Student para la diferencia de promedios de WOMAC entre ambos grupos de pacientes. RESULTADOS: n = 37 pacientes, la edad promedio fue 53.48 años (28-82), ± 12.55, el género 11 (29.7%) hombres y 26 (70.3%) mujeres, el lado afectado: 19 (51.35%) derecho y 18 (48.65%) izquierdo. Técnica quirúrgica: 45.9% artroscópico y 54.1% con técnica de Bandi. Los pacientes operados mediante Bandi y adelantamiento rotuliano tuvieron mejoría del dolor, rigidez articular y de la función física (p = 0.00); la comparación del puntaje global de WOMAC para ambas técnicas al año no mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p = 0.78). CONCLUSIÓN: Ambas técnicas (Bandi y limpieza artroscópica) ofrecen buenos resultados a los 365 días de operados, sin embargo, los pacientes manejados por limpieza artroscópica presentan menor dolor comparados con los de adelantamiento rotuliano tipo Bandi.

Association between allergic rhinitis, bottle feeding, non-nutritive sucking habits, and malocclusion in the primary dentition.

AIM: To determine the association between allergic rhinitis, bottle feeding, non-nutritive sucking habits, and malocclusion in the primary dentition. METHODS: Data were collected on 1160 children aged 4-5 years, who had been longitudinally followed since the age of 4 months, when they were admitted to nurseries in a suburban area of Tampico-Madero, Mexico. Periodically, physical examinations were conducted and a questionnaire was given to their parents or tutors. RESULTS: Malocclusion was detected in 640 of the children (51.03% had anterior open bite and 7.5% had posterior cross-bite). Allergic rhinitis alone (adjusted odds ratio = 2.87; 95% CI 1.57 to 5.25) or together with non-nutritive sucking habits (adjusted odds ratio = 3.31; 95% CI 1.55 to 7.09) had an effect on anterior open bite. Bottle feeding alone (adjusted odds ratio = 1.95; 95% CI 1.07 to 3.54) or together with allergic rhinitis (adjusted odds ratio = 3.96; 95% CI 1.80 to 8.74) had an effect on posterior cross-bite. Posterior cross-bite was more frequent in children with allergic rhinitis and non-nutritive sucking habits (10.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Allergic rhinitis alone or together with non-nutritive sucking habits is related to anterior open bite. Non-nutritive sucking habits together with allergic rhinitis seem to be the most important factor for development of posterior open bite in children under the age of 5 years.

Primary stenting for the acute treatment of carotid artery dissection.

OBJECTIVES: To review and evaluate our experience with carotid artery stenting in the acute treatment of carotid artery dissection (CAD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Reviewing the charts of our hospital between 2000 and 2001, we found two consecutive patients who benefited from primary stenting for the acute treatment of spontaneous extracranial internal CAD. RESULTS: Primary stenting of the internal carotid artery was successful in both cases without any post-operative complications. Clinical and US duplex scan follow-up confirmed the absence of neurological symptoms and the patency of the internal carotid artery with complete disappearance of the dissection at 36 and 42 months after the procedure, respectively. CONCLUSION: Despite the small number of patients, primary stenting for acute CAD seems to be safe and effective.

Patent internal and external carotid arteries beyond an occluded common carotid artery: report of a case diagnosed by color Doppler.

Occlusion of the common carotid artery (CCA) is most often associated with thrombosis of the distal vessels. In rare cases, however, a weak antegrade flow can still be detected in the internal carotid artery (ICA). This patency is the result of a retrograde perfusion of the ipsilateral external carotid artery (ECA) via its collaterals. Such situation should not be ignored since bypass surgery can easily allow for effective restoration of flow. Most authors agree to say that color flow duplex imaging (CFDI) has now become the hallmark to detect a patent ICA in spite of a CCA occlusion.